Suchergebnisse

Introduction. In recent years, Ukraine's economy is in a difficult situation, while maintaining its tendency to deteriorate. That is why investments in the creation of favorable conditions for its development play an important role. The attracted investments are the basis for the development of the Ukrainian economy, ensuring the possibility of its integration into the European socio-economic space, increasing the competitiveness of domestic enterprises, thereby reducing the level of dependence on imports and developing export potential. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the Ukrainian investment market, identify key issues that impede the attraction of additional capital investments and the future prospects of investment in the economy of the country in accordance with current economic and political realities. Research results. The article reveals the role of investments in the further development of the Ukrainian economy. The complex analysis of the current state of the investment market of the country is carried out. In carrying out the analysis of the investment market, methods of statistical analysis, system generalization, qualitative and quantitative comparison were used. The main factors that negatively influence on this market are determined, restraining the development of investment activity and reducing the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy. The main directions of increase of investment attractiveness, the realization of which will contribute to the growth of capital investments, are offered. Conclusion. On the basis of the analysis of the Ukrainian investment market, it was found that foreign investors are extremely cautious with the injection of additional flows into the Ukrainian economy. It is proved that this process is due to gaps in the economy and investment market of the country. At the same time, Ukraine belongs to countries with huge potential for attraction of investments due to the rich natural resources, scientific and technical potential, skilled labor, and favorable infrastructure. The key objectives of investment policy should be to implement a comprehensive solution to the country's economic, social and political problems. Effective reforms are needed to improve the situation in the country, which will stimulate business development, increase the living standards of the population and the economy of the country. ; Проблема. В останні роки економіка України перебуває у складній ситуації, зберігаючи тенденції до погіршення. Саме тому Важливу роль у створенні сприятливих умов для її розвитку відіграють інвестиції. Залучені інвестиції є основою для розвитку економіки України, забезпечуючи можливість її інтеграції в європейський соціально-економічний простір, підвищуючи конкурентоспроможності вітчизняних підприємств, тим самим знижуючи рівень залежності від імпорту та розвиваючи експортний потенціал. Мета та завдання. Метою статті є проведення комплексного аналізу поточного стану інвестиційного ринку України, визначення ключових проблем, які стримують залучення додаткових капітальних вкладень та подальших перспектив надходження інвестицій в економіку країни відповідно до сучасних економічних та політичних реалій. Результати. У статті розкрита роль інвестицій у подальшому розвитку економіки України. Проведено комплексний аналіз сучасного стану інвестиційного ринку країни. При проведенні аналізу інвестиційного ринку використовувались методи статистичного аналізу, системного узагальнення, якісного і кількісного порівняння. Визначено основні чинники, які негативно впливають на цей ринок, стримуючи розвиток інвестиційної діяльності та знижуючи конкурентоспроможність економіки України. Запропоновано основні напрями підвищення інвестиційної привабливості, реалізація яких сприятиме зростанню обсягів капітальних вкладень. Висновки. На основі аналізу інвестиційного ринку України виявлено, що іноземні інвестори є вкрай обережними з вливанням додаткових потоків в економіку України. Доведено, що даний процес зумовлений прогалинами в економіці та інвестиційному ринку країни. Водночас Україна належить до країн, які володіють величезним потенціалом для залучення інвестицій завдяки багатим природним ресурсам, науково-технічному потенціалу, кваліфікованій робочій силі, вигідній інфраструктурі. Ключовими завданнями інвестиційної політики має бути запровадження комплексного вирішення економічних, соціальних та політичних проблем країни. Необхідно проведення дієвих реформ для поліпшення ситуації в країні, що стимулюватиме розвиток бізнесу, підвищення рівня життя населення і економіки країни в цілому.

Ceasefires are increasingly relevant for contemporary conflicts and conflict management. During the first two decades of the 21st century, ceasefires also became the most widespread form of outcome for conflicts with any conclusive outcome. Half of all ceasefires, however, either had not yet been part of a political negotiated process to address key incompatibilities contested in an armed conflict, or had no relation to any peace process at all. A ceasefire in its traditional interpretation – as a technical stage on the way to peace – increasingly becomes a ceasefire in the absence of peace and a pragmatic alternative to a stalled peace process. What are the goals and functions of ceasefires at different conflict stages, including, but not limited to, a peace process? What are the main types of ceasefire based on its key function in conflict and on underlying goals and motivations of its parties? The article explores these questions at the theoretical/conceptual and empirical levels, on the basis of analysis of available statistical data and drawing upon concrete examples in various contexts, with special attention to conflicts in Syria and Donbass. It offers an original functional-motivational typology of ceasefires classified into three types: ceasefires as part of hostilities; ceasefires 'for the sake of peace' that aim at supporting and preparing conditions for peace negotiations; and ceasefires as a format of an intermediate state of 'neither peace, nor war', including as a means of structuring this semi-frozen state to achieve a degree of stabilization. In practical terms, this typology helps clarify (а) the issue of effectiveness – success of failure – of a ceasefire that should not be expected to advance or deliver one type of outcome if one or all of its parties deliberately seek to use it to achieve another type of outcome; (b) the role of the factor of armed violence at the stage of a ceasefire that may achieve its main, underlying goals even if it does not lead to lasting cessation of hostilities.

The article is devoted to the practices that existed in Russia in the 15th-17th centuries in tailoring and sewing craft. Written sources testify both to the separation of tailoring from sewing, and the practice of the full cycle of making clothes by one master. There were various tailor specializations, involving knowledge of the cut of various types of clothing. Tailoring and sewing were widespread in the urban environment. The seasonal work tailoring was practiced.

AbstractIn the early 21st century, non‐traditional security threats such as terrorism and narcotics trafficking drove the revival of post‐Soviet Russia's interest in and concern about the Afghan problem. This article outlines main security threats for Russia and Central Asia in Afghanistan during two decades of the United States (US) presence, identifies new risks, aggravating circumstances, and threat reduction factors following the US forces' final departure and Taliban's comeback to power since 2021, and explores ways to counter main Afghanistan‐related security risks. For Russia and broader Eurasia, actual and potential non‐traditional security threats emanating from Afghanistan are likely to persist under the Taliban's second rule. However, none of them are unmanageable. While inside Afghanistan, much depends on the new Taliban authorities' performance, it is up to the Central Asian states themselves and to Russia as their Eurasian security ally to hedge against potential scenarios. If the security pillar of Russia's response is confined to Central Asia and Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the political‐diplomatic one extends to broader region and beyond. Overall, Russia has learnt its own historical lessons on Afghanistan: Moscow now prioritizes collective action in cooperation with regional powers, under multilateral frameworks extending beyond the region, and at the United Nations (UN).